Primitive Time – Ancient World

Long before mankind began to create structures, buildings and machines, the sandwich concept and the honeycomb structure was developed by nature.

Many other examples can be found in the skeleton of organisms, in leafs of plants as well as in the wings of birds.

Skeletal structures of birds – 150 – 50 mil. years ago

Section of a bird wing

Natural honeycomb of honeybees – about 50 mil. years ago

The honeybee comb is an optimal material efficient construction because it is build via two physical minimisation phenomenas:
1. hexagonal closest packed cylinders and
2. minimal surface energy.

The hexagonal comb of the honeybee has been admired and wondered about from ancient times on.